Refactoring Java Code. Refactoring Java Code. Oliver Whiler, Agris Software. Refactoring is a powerful Agile technique for improving existing software. Having Java source code that is understandable helps ensure a system is.
Description. References in the Code Conventions. Application Name. The application name is used as the application archive name. By default, the application name.
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This paper describes the refactoring process of Java applications in. Overview. When a system's source code is easily understandable, the system is more maintable, leading to reduced costs and allowing precious.
At the same time, if the code is. These two development tasks, maintenance and enhancement, often. The refactoring. process aims to reduce this conflict, by aiding non destructive changes to the. However many developers and managers are hesitant to use refactoring. The most obvious reasons for this is the amount of effort required. Both of these problems. Refactoring . Over time, software size and complexity increases, with that bugs.
Software developers, particularly. The code base, which in any. What is needed to prevent the software from ageing prematurely? Strategically, attention of management and software developers is. On the practical side, application of sound. However refactoring can reverse. Well trained software developers who are intimately familiar with their code, are often acutely aware of the lurking code ageing problems.
If developers find it. Rewriting a component is often seen as easier by the developer, or at least less confusing. The current source code may have changed. Alternatively, the original.
However this ignores the fact that the source code has a lot of. The bug fixes contained in the source code, may not all be. The component has been previously. Refactoring retains this hidden value, ensuring the behaviour of the system does not change. Management are often unwilling to allow changes that will not give any immediate visible benefit, . This could happen, for example. Originally. conceived in the Smalltalk community, it has now become a mainstream development.
While refactoring tools make it possible to apply refactorings very. Each refactoring is a simple process which makes one logical change to the structure of the code. When changing a lot of the code at one time.
But when and where these bug were. If, however, a change is implemented in small. Then the step could be. This is the benefit of comprehensive unit tests in a system, something advocated by Extreme Programming techniques.
These tests, give the. A refactoring operation proceeds roughly in the following phases: Action. Questions to ask, actions to take. Detect a problem.
Is there a problem? What is the problem? Characterise the problem.
Why is it necessary to change something? What are the benefits? Are there any risks? Design a solution. What should be the ?
Which code transformation(s) will move the code towards the desired state? Modify the code. Steps that will carry out the code transformation(s) that leave the code functioning the same way as it did before. Example Refactorings: Rename. A method, variable, class or other java item has a name that is misleading or confusing.
This requires all references, and potentially file. The process of renaming a method may include renaming. On the other hand, renaming a.
Move Class. A Class is in the wrong package, it should therefore be moved to another package where it fits better. Free Print To Pdf File Printer Driver more. All import statements or fully. The file will. also have to be moved and updated in the source control system. Extract Method. A long method needs to be broken up to enhance readability and maintainability. A section of code with a single logical task (e.
This new method is. By giving the method a. Record. By. Id), the original method becomes simpler. Extracting the method also allows.
If the extracted section is well chosen, this method. Extract Superclass. An existing class provides functionality that needs to be modified in some way. An abstract class is introduced as the parent of the. Clients of the existing class are changed to reference the new parent. Any methods which.
As well as aiding in. Replace Conditional with Polymorphism. Methods in a class currently check some value (if or switch statement) in order to decide the right action to perform. One trivial example. The code quickly becomes confusing as the same if or switch statements. By using polymorphism, the shape specific behaviour can. This has the added benefit of.
However, it is clear to every experienced software developer. Obviously, a software developer will usually apply.
In other words, before trying to refactor some code, one needs. Gamma et al. 1. 99.
Grand 1. 99. 8). When should one consider refactoring? Ideally, refactoring would be part of a continuing quality improvement process.
In other words, refactoring would be seamlessly interwoven. Refactoring may be useful, when a bug has surfaced and the problem needs to be fixed or the code needs to be extended. Refactoring at the. If the developer in charge finds it difficult to understand the code, he/she will (hopefully) ask questions, and begin to document the.
The phrases he/she coins may be a good starting point for the names of new methods or classes. Often, however, schedule pressures do not permit to implement a clean solution right away. A feature may have to be added in a hurry, a bug. In these cases, the code in question should be marked. FIXME note, in order to be reworked, when time permits.
Such. circumstances call not for individual refactorings, but for a whole refactoring. When the time has come to address the accumulated problems, a scan for. FIXMEs, TODOs, etc. They can then be refactored according to priority. What are the benefits of refactoring? Carrying out a few refactoring operations before or during code debugging may have immediate benefits.
Often it becomes easier to spot the. So time is saved, while at the same time the quality of the. Well- structured code is also less error- prone when it comes to extending it. Kent Beck . In addition, code duplication is reduced, and code re- use fostered. And there is no visible external benefit for. Also management may be at fault. As long as management only rewards externally visible code properties such as functionality and.
His/her manager, however, may have quite a different. These concerns. cannot simply be ignored, but must be suitably addressed by both developers and management. Why use an automated tool?
When doing refactoring the externally observable behaviour must be guaranteed to stay the same. If refactorings are carried out manually. Manual refactoring is. The system, of which the refactored code is a part, can be rebuilt quickly.
There are automated . This situation is becoming more common. XP (Extreme Programming) development methods. Another hindrance is that many of these refactoring are. Potentially requiring hours of precious development time, as the change. Not many programmers would enjoy the task.
A simple search and replace will. So each replacement must be examined by the.
However there is no great intelligence to the operation, all that is. A. refactoring tool therefore can save hours of work. Even more importantly give confidence that the correct changes were made. The speed of automated tools has another benefit, which is shown in team development environments.
A developer is much less likely to. However by using an automated tool.
This ensures that even when the responsibility for a section of code. Integration with the developers chosen IDE also bring many benefits. Firstly having the tools at hand, means that developers can more. They do not have to switch between development and refactoring. By. careful application of refactorings the system's behaviour will remain the same, but return to a well structured design. The use of automated refactoring tools, makes it more likely that the developer will perform the necessary refactorings, since the tools are.
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